The Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods

The Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods were marked out by geologists to distinguish among various types of geologic strata (chalk, limestone, etc.) laid down tens of millions of years ago. Since dinosaur fossils are usually found embedded in rock, paleontologists associate dinosaurs with the geologic period in which they lived—for example, the sauropods of the late Jurassic. To put these geologic periods in the proper context, bear in mind that the Triassic, Jurassic,  and Cretaceous dont cover all of prehistory, not by a long shot. First came the Precambrian period, which stretched from the earth’s formation to about 542 million years ago. The development of multicellular life ushered in the Paleozoic Era (542–250 million years ago), which embraced shorter geologic periods including (in order) the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian periods. Its only after all that that we reach the Mesozoic Era (250-65 million years ago), which includes the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Ages of the Dinosaurs (The Mesozoic Era) This chart is a simple overview of the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods, all of which were part of the Mesozoic era. In brief, this incredibly long period of time, measured in mya or millions of years ago, saw the development of dinosaurs, marine reptiles, fish, mammals, flying animals including pterosaurs and birds, and a huge range of plant life. The largest dinosaurs did not emerge until the Cretaceous period, which started over 100 million years after the start of the age of dinosaurs. Period Land Animals Marine Animals Avian Animals Plant Life Triassic 237201 mya Archosaurs (ruling lizards);therapsids (mammal-like reptiles) Plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, fish Cycads, ferns, Gingko-like trees, and seed plants Jurassic 201145 mya Dinosaurs (sauropods, therapods);Early mammals;Feathered dinosaurs Plesiosaurs, fish, squid, marine reptiles Pterosaurs;Flying insects Ferns, conifers, cycads, club mosses, horsetail, flowering plants Cretaceous 14566 mya Dinosaurs (sauropods, therapods, raptors, hadrosaurs, herbivorous ceratopsians);Small, tree-dwelling mammals Plesiosaurs, pliosaurs, mosasaurs, sharks, fish, squid, marine reptiles Pterosaurs;Flying insects;Feathered birds Huge expansion of flowering plants Key Words Archosaur: Sometimes called  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ruling reptiles,† this group of ancient animals included dinosaurs and pterosaurs (flying reptiles)Therapsid: A  group of ancient reptiles that later evolved to become mammalsSauropod: Huge long-necked, long-tailed vegetarian dinosaurs (such as the Apatosaur)Therapod:  Two-legged carnivorous dinosaurs, including raptors and Tyrannosaurus RexPlesiosaur:  Long-necked marine animals (often described as similar to the Loch Ness monster)Pterosaur:  Winged flying reptiles that ranged from the size of a sparrow to the 36-foot-long  QuetzalcoatlusCycad:  Ancient seed plants that were common during the time of the dinosaurs and are still common today The Triassic Period At the start of the Triassic period, 250 million years ago, the Earth was just recovering from the  Permian/Triassic Extinction, which witnessed the demise of over two-thirds of all land-dwelling species and a whopping 95 percent of ocean-dwelling species. In terms of animal life, the Triassic was most notable for the diversification of archosaurs into pterosaurs, crocodiles, and the earliest dinosaurs, as well as the evolution of therapsids into the first true mammals. Climate and Geography During the Triassic Period   During the Triassic period, all of the Earths continents were joined together into a vast, north-south landmass called Pangaea (which was itself surrounded by the enormous ocean Panthalassa). There were no polar ice caps, and the climate at the equator was hot and dry, punctuated by violent monsoons. Some estimates put the average air temperature across most of the continent at well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Conditions were wetter in the north (the part of Pangaea corresponding to modern-day Eurasia) and the south (Australia and Antarctica). Terrestrial Life During the Triassic Period The preceding Permian period was dominated by amphibians, but the Triassic marked the rise of the reptiles—notably the archosaurs (ruling lizards) and therapsids (mammal-like reptiles). For reasons that are still unclear, the archosaurs held the evolutionary edge, muscling out their mammal-like cousins and evolving by the middle Triassic into the  first true dinosaurs  like  Eoraptor  and  Herrerasaurus. Some archosaurs, however, went in a different direction, branching out to become the first pterosaurs ( Eudimorphodon  being a good example) and a wide variety of  ancestral crocodiles , some of them two-legged vegetarians. Therapsids, in the meantime, gradually shrank in size. The  first mammals  of the late Triassic period were represented by small, mouse-sized creatures like Eozostrodon and Sinoconodon. Marine Life During the Triassic Period Because the Permian Extinction depopulated the worlds oceans, the Triassic period was ripe for the rise of early marine reptiles. These included not only unclassifiable, one-off genera like Placodus and  Nothosaurus  but the very first  plesiosaurs  and a flourishing breed of fish lizards, the ichthyosaurs. (Some ichthyosaurs attained truly gigantic sizes; for example,  Shonisaurus  measured 50 feet long and weighed in the vicinity of 30 tons!) The vast  Panthalassan  Ocean soon found itself restocked with new species of  prehistoric fish, as well as simple animals like corals and cephalopods. Plant Life During the Triassic Period The Triassic period wasnt nearly as lush and green as the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but it did see an explosion of various land-dwelling plants, including cycads, ferns, Gingko-like trees, and seed plants. Part of the reason there were no plus-sized Triassic herbivores (along the lines of the much later  Brachiosaurus) is that there simply wasn’t enough vegetation to nourish their growth. The Triassic/Jurassic Extinction Event Not the most well-known extinction event, the Triassic/Jurassic extinction  was a fizzle compared to the earlier Permian/Triassic extinction and the later  Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T)  extinction. The event, nevertheless, witnessed the demise of various genera of marine reptiles, as well as large amphibians and certain branches of archosaurs. We dont know for sure, but this extinction may have been caused by volcanic eruptions, a global cooling trend, a meteor impact, or some combination thereof.   The Jurassic Period Thanks to the movie  Jurassic Park, people identify the Jurassic period, more than any other geological time span, with the age of dinosaurs. The Jurassic is when the first gigantic sauropod and theropod dinosaurs appeared on Earth, a far cry from their slender, man-sized ancestors of the preceding Triassic period. But the fact is that dinosaur diversity reached its peak in the ensuing  Cretaceous  period. Geography and Climate During the Jurrasic Period   The Jurassic period witnessed the breakup of the Pangaean supercontinent into two big pieces, Gondwana in the south (corresponding to modern-day Africa, South America, Australia, and Antarctica) and  Laurasia  in the north (Eurasia and North America). At about the same time, intra-continental lakes and rivers formed that opened new evolutionary niches for aquatic and terrestrial life. The climate was hot and humid, with steady rainfall, ideal conditions for the explosive spread of lush, green plants. Terrestrial Life During the Jurassic Period Dinosaurs:  During the Jurassic period, relatives of the small, quadrupedal, plant-eating  prosauropods  of the Triassic period gradually evolved into multi-ton  sauropods  like  Brachiosaurus  and  Diplodocus. This period also saw the concurrent rise of medium- to large-sized  theropod  dinosaurs like  Allosaurus  and  Megalosaurus. This helps explain the evolution of the earliest, armor-bearing  ankylosaurs  and stegosaurs. Mammals:  The mouse-sized  early mammals  of the Jurassic period, only recently evolved from their Triassic ancestors, kept a low profile, scurrying around at night or nesting high up in trees so as not to get squashed under the feet of bigger dinosaurs. Elsewhere, the first feathered dinosaurs began to appear, typified by the extremely bird-like   Archaeopteryx  and  Epidendrosaurus. Its possible that the first true  prehistoric birds  had evolved by the end of the Jurassic period, though the evidence is still sparse. Most paleontologists believe that modern birds descend from the small, feathered theropods of the Cretaceous period. Marine Life During the Jurassic Period Just as dinosaurs grew to bigger and bigger sizes on land, so the  marine reptiles  of the Jurassic period gradually attained shark- (or even whale-) sized proportions. The Jurassic seas were filled with fierce  pliosaurs  like  Liopleurodon  and Cryptoclidus, as well as sleeker, less frightening plesiosaurs like   Elasmosaurus. Ichthyosaurs, which dominated the Triassic period, had already begun their decline.  Prehistoric fish  were abundant, as were squids and  sharks, providing a steady source of nourishment for these and other marine reptiles. Avian Life During the Jurassic Period By the end of the Jurassic period, 150 million years ago, the skies were filled with relatively advanced  pterosaurs  like  Pterodactylus,  Pteranodon, and  Dimorphodon. Prehistoric birds  had yet to fully evolve, leaving the skies firmly under the sway of these avian reptiles (with the exception of some prehistoric insects). Plant Life During the Jurassic Period Gigantic plant-eating sauropods like  Barosaurus  and  Apatosaurus  couldn’t have evolved if they didn’t have a reliable source of food. In fact, the landmasses of the Jurassic period were blanketed with thick, tasty coats of vegetation, including ferns, conifers, cycads, club mosses, and horsetails. Flowering plants continued their slow and steady evolution, culminating in the explosion that helped fuel dinosaur diversity during the ensuing Cretaceous period. The Cretaceous Period The Cretaceous period is when dinosaurs attained their maximum diversity, as  ornithischian  and  saurischian  families branched off into a bewildering array of armored, raptor-clawed, thick-skulled, and/or long-toothed and long-tailed meat- and plant-eaters. The longest period of the Mesozoic Era, it was also during the Cretaceous that the Earth began to assume something resembling its modern form. At that time,   life was dominated not by mammals but by terrestrial, marine and avian reptiles. Geography and Climate During the Cretaceous Period During the early Cretaceous period, the inexorable breakup of the Pangaean supercontinent continued, with the first outlines of modern North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa taking shape. North America was bisected by the Western Interior Sea (which has yielded countless fossils of marine reptiles), and India was a giant, floating island in the Tethys Ocean. Conditions were generally as hot and muggy as in the preceding  Jurassic  period, albeit with intervals of cooling. The era also saw rising sea levels and the spread of endless swamps—yet another ecological niche in which dinosaurs (and other prehistoric animals) could prosper. Terrestrial Life During the Cretaceous Period Dinosaurs:  Dinosaurs really came into their own during the Cretaceous Period. Over the course of 80 million years, thousands of meat-eating genera roamed the slowly separating continents. These included  raptors,  tyrannosaurs  and other varieties of theropods, including the fleet-footed  ornithomimids  (bird mimics), the strange, feathered  therizinosaurs, and an uncountable profusion of small,  feathered dinosaurs, among them the uncommonly intelligent  Troodon. The classic herbivorous sauropods  of the Jurassic period had pretty much died out, but their descendants, the lightly armored titanosaurs, spread to every continent on earth and attained even more massive sizes.   Ceratopsians  (horned, frilled dinosaurs) like  Styracosaurus and  Triceratops  became abundant, as did  hadrosaurs  (duck-billed dinosaurs), which were especially common at this time, roaming the plains of North America and Eurasia in vast herds. Among the last dinosaurs standing by the time of the K/T Extinction were the plant-eating  ankylosaurs  and  pachycephalosaurs  (thick-headed lizards). Mammals:  During most of the Mesozoic Era, including the Cretaceous period, mammals were sufficiently intimidated by their dinosaur cousins that they spent most of their time high up in trees or huddling together in underground burrows. Even so, some mammals had enough breathing room, ecologically speaking, to allow them to evolve to respectable sizes. One example was the 20-pound Repenomamus, which actually ate baby dinosaurs. Marine Life During the Cretaceous Period Shortly after the beginning of the Cretaceous period, the  ichthyosaurs  (fish lizards) disappeared.   They were replaced by vicious  mosasaurs, gigantic  pliosaurs  like  Kronosaurus, and slightly smaller  plesiosaurs  like  Elasmosaurus. A new breed of bony  fish, known as teleosts, roamed the seas in enormous schools. Finally, there was a wide assortment of  ancestral sharks; both fish and sharks would benefit immensely from the extinction of their marine reptile antagonists. Avian Life During the Cretaceous Period By the end of the Cretaceous period,  pterosaurs  (flying reptiles) had finally attained the enormous sizes of their cousins on land and in the sea, the 35-foot-wingspan  Quetzalcoatlus  being the most spectacular example. This was the pterosaurs last gasp, though, as they were gradually replaced by the first true  prehistoric birds. These early birds evolved from land-dwelling feathered dinosaurs, not pterosaurs, and were better adapted for changing climatic conditions. Plant Life During the Cretaceous Period As far as plants are concerned, the most important evolutionary change of the Cretaceous period was the rapid diversification of flowering plants. These spread across the separating continents, along with thick forests and other varieties of dense, matted vegetation. All of this greenery not only sustained the dinosaurs, but it also allowed the co-evolution of a wide variety of insects, especially beetles. The Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event At the end of the Cretaceous period, 65 million years ago, a  meteor impact  on the  Yucatan Peninsula  raised huge clouds of dust, blotting out the sun and causing most vegetation to die out. Conditions may have been aggravated by the collision of India and Asia, which fueled an immense amount of volcanic activity in the Deccan Traps. The herbivorous dinosaurs that fed on these plants died, as did the carnivorous dinosaurs that fed on the herbivorous dinosaurs. The way was now clear for the evolution and adaptation of the dinosaurs successors, the mammals, during the ensuing Tertiary period.

The Medias Role in Regional and International Relations...

The Medias Role in Regional and International Relations with Regards to Development, Transition, and Influence I study Journalism, so I felt that I had an opportunity to solidify the medias role in all facets of regional and international relations, with regards to development, transition, and influence (regional as well as global). I first chose examine Daniel Lerners development continuum, and this as a reference point, to discuss the role mass media plays in global transition and development, in particular how it is suited to aide in the socio-political development as well as the transition from Communism in Eastern Central Europe. Second, I wanted to do a journalistic comparison; I examined†¦show more content†¦Lerners book addresses developmental change, while the issue in question is of systemic transition. The concepts apply without exception because they indicate money as a catalyst for all things good and evil. True power is the ability to influence, to implement change, and to shape popular opinion. Can the media be controlled by the almighty dollar? Can those with an agend a control it with intimidation? The question that comes to mind for me is this, I wonder if our media is really any better off than those (formerly) under government control in Central Europe, which would be more harmful, a government agenda or capitalistic programming, or for that matter one controlling the other. It is clear that in the case of Communism the lack of financial ware-with-all caused its demise, but could it also be the case that underground media succeeded in changing public opinion and if so might they be better off (than the U.S.) with regards to media freedom today. These are questions that will be answered in the next global generation, as history is written, answers to these questions will be evident. Instead of lookingShow MoreRelatedMasculinity in the Media3136 Words   |  13 Pagesmilitary was cool, and I looked up to the people in my family who served. I played with G.I. Joes, Star Wars toys, watched war movies, watched and played sports, wore sports apparel and played Halo and Call of duty. I was subconsciously filling my gender role by making â€Å"masculine† consumer choices that would affect choices I would make in the future. The violent toys and games that I grew up with became a part of me. I got into many fights in high school because I thought it was fun, I thought I was coolRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagesfactors influencing the annual budget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressing of balance sheets, the loopholes (the case of Satyam) (5) 5 Stock exchange, Sensex and its ups and downs, need for stricter monitoring, how to (5) cover Stock Exchanges, qualities of a good stock exchange reporter 6 Ethics for business journalism. Should it be a watch dog or servant of business houses? (5) Role of freebies, junkets, five star attractions

Relationship Between An Organism And Its Environment

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Scanners Essay Example For Students

Scanners Essay Over the years the prices of scanners have dropped drastically both in the home andoffice. With as little as $89.00 dollars anybody can own a scanner. Although a scanner that ispurchased for $89.00 may not have all the features or functions that a $1000.00 scanner mayhave, for home use it will be more than sufficient. Unless you are a graphic artist or aphotographer who having the added features and functions, could determine getting your jobdone, a cheaper scanner will do just fine. With a less expensive scanner you may only be able toscan documents and photographs, while with a more expensive scanner you will be able to scantransparencies, 35 mm film and slides.(http://findarticles.com)Also with a more expensive scanner the speed at which the scanner processes the scannedinformation is much faster than that of a less inexpensive scanner. Ultimately it is up to you theconsumer to decide which scanner is best for you and how much money you are willing or able toI visited a few web si tes and look at an inexpensive scanner compared to an expensiveAlthough this next scanner is not your typical scanner I thought it was worth mentioningbecause it is new and quite unique. The IS-22 Scanner (color image cartridge) is manufacturedby Canon. This scanner cartridge is currently priced at $90.77. It is not your typical scanner. When you think of a scanner the typical flatbed scanner or hand-held scanners is what theconsumer thinks of in a scanner. This scanner cartridge works with a Canon BJC-4300 Seriesprinters. You will receive a color image scanner cartridge which transforms your printer into acolor sheetfed scanner. You can scan mostly everything that a normal inexpensive scanner willscan. It will scan in color, black and white photos, magazine articles, documents and more. Thisscanner cartridge will save you space and money. To operate the scanner software associatedwith the BJC-4300 Series printers is quite simple. After loading the scanner cartridge softwareyou are ready to scan. You simply put whatever documents you want to scan in your printer andtell the scanning software what you want to scan. It is that simple. The UMAX PowerLook lll Professional Scanner is a flatbed scanner. The current pricefor this scanner is $1099.99, it is manufactured by UMAX Computer Corp. The quality of thisscanner is impeccable. You will get very realistic images from this scanner. Besides scanningdocuments and photographs, it will also scan slides, transparencies, negatives, and reflectiveoriginals. You can also crop and scan up to 12, 35mm slides. You can scan 35 mm film and thelargest document you can scan is 8.5 x 11.7. It also captures fine details in shadow areas. This type of scanner works similar to a copymachine. You simply place whatever information you want to scan onto the bed of the scanner,close the lid and chose to scan the image. Just as with any other type of scanner you can chooseto print, save to file or disk, or both.(http://wwwjandr.com)With both scanners you want to make sure that you load the scanning software into yourhard drive. A dialog screen will pop up that will help you with the instal lation of the software. Your scanning equipment will come with directions on how to operate your particular scanner. How to troubleshoot. Numbers to call if you should need technical support. Bibliography:

Contaminated Land (Environmental Management)

Question: Describe about the Contaminated Land (Environmental Management): Global Warming? Answer: Introduction: In the present society, human beings have achieved many levels of success. From the way of living in the way of travelling everything has been developed to a great level in comparison to the ancient society, and still developing as the level of development has no mark of the end. Information technology sectors, business sectors, medical science, and moreover all the aspects of the society has been increased to higher mark (Merrington, 2002). Even some traditional sectors like agriculture, transportation, and many others has developed in a noticeable mark. Resources are available to us for benefits and utilization, by virtue of that we, the human society have evolved great advantages to an extent. But sometimes we used to hear from our parents and grandparents that the world has changed from the previous one, we should say that yes, the world has changed otherwise we could not lead this improved life as well as modern amenities (Hester and Harrison, 2008). But we have to understand the sense of our parents and grandparents based upon which they are saying that the world has been changed, sometimes they used to say that the color of the fruits was more organic and fresh, there was no such humid and hot weather, the atmosphere were more friendly with the living nature of the human beings as well as the animals and plants, they are not incorrect, as they has saw the scenario of the world of many years ago and the world in present for that reason they can make distinction among these two prospect of the world at large (Wright and Welbourn, 2002). These have done because of environmental pollution to the society of the world at large. Environmental pollution has decreased the standard of life of the human beings, as it reduces the available natural resources. Because of environmental pollution the quality of natural goods like fruits, vegetables, and others has been affected (Hill, 2004). Investigation: Sustainable development: One of the primary reasons for the purpose of environmental pollution is the unrestricted use of natural resources. Use of natural resources to an unlimited level will infringe the future generation from the benefits of utilization of the natural resources (Atkinson, Dietz and Neumayer, 2007). Development is very much essential, but it must be done in a sustainable manner and the natural as well as the artificial resources must be used in such a manner that the future generation would not be deprived of their rights as to get the benefits from the resources which belong to the nature (Bruckmeier and Tovey, 2009). Human society has involved themselves in the field of development in such a manner that they forget the fact that they are destroying their house which is the earth. By any way of development, the credential level of the earth has been reduced to a dangerous level. Environmental pollution is a dangerous factor in diminishing the quality of the social phenomena (Ross, 2012). Development should be done but not with the cost of the environment. The natural resources, as well as the man-made resources, are also to be utilized but keeping in mind that the future generation should not be deprived of the amenities what we are enjoying. From the ancient period human beings were used to run behind the prospects of the further development, they never had to realize that there is any limitation as to the natural resources which are available for human use but in present time it has been noticed that there is some lack of natural resources as well as the man-made resources because most of the portion of the available resources have been used by the previous generations. Now if these available resources are not preserved, then the future generation would not be able to get the benefits from the utilization of those resources (Aras and Crowther, 2009). Global warming: Day by day, season by season the nature of weather is changing with a noticeable speed. Few years ago the temperature was not so hot as it is in present days. If we take into consideration from the period of ancient society of the earth it can be noticed that with the passing of the time the level of hot weather has been increased in a rapid speed, and it is still increasing (Philander, 2008). This is because of global warming. The concept of global warming has been originated by the social phenomena of the present world. The term global warming means the increase of the hot weather throughout the world at large. The main reason for global warming has been recognized as the implantation and causing damage to the plants as well as the forest zone. Due to the lack plantations the weather is changing from normal to hot and humid condition (Houghton, 2004). Apart from a lack of plantations pollution in the society is also a major factor in the increasing rate of the change in weather conditions. Illusion of polluted air and the gases which are very much harmful to the society as well as for the environment itself, like carbon dioxide diluted in the air which comes from the motor vehicles. This is a very important factor in the environmental pollution; carbon dioxide is a very destructive gas for the environment (Victor, 2011). Global warming makes the life difficult for the human beings as well as for the animals; many animals and plant is used die because of this changing nature of the weather which is the result of global warming. It not only affect the life of the living creatures but it also make it hard for the peoples it the developing countries or in developed countries for even survive, as these countries are very much focused in relation to their progress in the global phenomena which makes them unable for the preservation of t he environment to the excellent level of achievement (Simpson, 2008). Acid rains: One of the most dangerous aspects of the environmental pollution is the acid rain. It destroys the forests, animals, as well as the human beings to a large extent. The main and foremost reason of acid rain is the dilution of harmful gases in the air (Labohm, Rozendaal and Thoenes, 2004). Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and many other dangerous gases are frequently diluted in the air, which goes upwards and comes within the sphere of the Ozone layer, which situated outside the earth; this layer protects the earth from various kinds of harmful rays like ultraviolet ray (ALVERSON, 2007). The Ozone layer gets damaged because of the illusion of dangerous gases in the air, when it comes in the sphere of the Ozone layer (Global warming may quintuple summer downpours in the UK, 2014). The harmful gases floats in the air just outside the earth and when rain is supposed to fall on the earth it has to cross that layer of dangerous gases, which converts the natural rain into the acid rain, when this acid rain falls to the surface of the earth it causes huge amount of damage to that surface as well as the environment of the earth itself (Smith and Leiserowitz, 2013). Due to acid rain apart from all other harmful effects the lands and preferable surface for the agricultural sector get diminished as to its quality. It damages the surface to a very large extent; it damages the potential of lands in relation to producing crops and other utilities. Industrialization: One of the major reasons for the environmental pollution is the rapid and unrestricted growth in the field of industrialization. Industries are very much required for the financial development of any economic structure but it does not signify that industries are so important that it could be considered in against the cost of the environment to a huge extent and especially when it affects the life of the human beings (Lange, 2008). The liquid and gas that comes out from the factories in the industrial sector are the main factors to the damage of the environment. These liquid and gases are very much harmful to the human society as well as for the animals and plants. These liquids and gases are diluted in the water sources and air respectively. These leads to many diseases which are quite effective in the human society (Colls, 2002). According to a survey made in the year of 2009, many peoples who reside nearby the industrial area get affected by several harmful diseases and some of the m die too (Pepper, Gerba and Brusseau, 2006). Remediation: The main and foremost thing which is to look after is the use of the natural resources. The available resources of the nature are to be utilized in such a manner that it does not get finished and the future generations are deprived of their right to get the benefits from the utilization of the natural resources. For that purpose, more and more alternative resources are to be invented by countries, which could be used in alteration of the limited natural resources (Jiang, 2003). The concept of sustainable development does not signify that the present generation human society should not use the natural resources but it specifies that the available resources are to be used by the present generation of the human society to an extent that it does not infringe the rights of their future generation. Those resources which are very much limited are to be preserved not only for the future generation but also for an emergency situation which could arise during the continuation of this present g eneration. For example, petroleum related products are used in a good quantity in the present society but as per many surveys and experts, the quantity raw petroleum very is reduced to a huge extent and not very much left in comparison to its demand in the current world society, then if any alternative resource is available then the demand of the petroleum related products may be decreased, like petroleum is mainly used for the purpose of fuel but in recent days a number of eco-friendly gases are invented for the purpose of running vehicles, this will decrease the demand for petroleum to a certain extent. The governments of the concern countries should look after the matters relating to the issues like sustainable development. Global warming is an important issue as to the environmental pollution of the human society as well as the animals and plants. This is the result of diluting dangerous gases in the air, for the purpose of restricting the increasing level of global warming the foremost rem edy is plantation. By the way of an adequate plantation global warming can be controlled, as plants take carbon dioxide from the air and bestow oxygen in the air, which very necessary for human beings to survive. For environmental protection and control of pollution of the environment, plants play a very important role. Plants not only removes dangerous gases like carbon dioxide from the air but it provides oxygen in the air for the living creatures, these thing helps in reducing the air pollution, which makes sustainability for the Ozone layer protecting the surface of earth by situating outside the sphere of earth. If the air pollution can be controlled, then it will help a lot in prospect of controlling acid rains (Shortle and Abler, 2001). For the purpose of resolving the pollution factors in the water, the industrialization should be controlled in the beginning. Because of the industrialization water as well as the air is getting polluted by the substances which are released by the factories into the sources of water and in the air. Specific restrictions should be imposed by the competent authority regarding the release of pollutants from the factories. The lands within the territory of a nation are highly affected due to the environmental degradation; it harms the agriculture sector of the concerned country as well as the cattle. Land is the most important sector of every country as to financial development; it not only engraves the agricultural sector but also plays an important role in the field of industrialization. Land contamination can be controlled by proper means of precautions like using natural fertilizers, making the land area of the agricultural sector for multipurpose use as to the farmer's utilization in relation to the agricultural purpose. For the purpose of restricting environmental pollution, the governments of the concern countries should adopt necessary laws in relation to the environment of the country. The legislative authorities have to take the initiation for the purpose of making adequate legislation in respect of protecting the environment from the substances which are harmful to the society (Zhao, 2013). Only enactment of the statutes relating to the environment is not enough, before such enactment the legislative bodies must recognize the major pollution problem as to the environment, as it differs from area to area as per the population and their location. The enactment itself is not conclusive and sufficient into restricting the environmental pollution, but these laws are to be properly implemented by the competent authorities of the nation in concern. Each and every country should show their interest as to the protection of the environment from various pollutants, as these is a global prospect of the world at large with considering the interest of each country. The concern government should enact different statutes for restricting the pollution from the different aspects, like for water pollution, air pollution, and restriction as to cutting the trees and others, for each of these aspects there should be a specific statute. Apart from that the government should promote the approach of environmental protection among the populace of the nation, this is the most effective way of controlling the environmental pollution and any other kind of pollution, if the public is aware of the facts that by way of pollution they are polluting their house, that is earth, and this pollutant not only affect themselves but it also affect their future generation then the public will understand the significance of this major matter of concern. Various international summits and international conventions has been held regarding the burning issue of pollution, several countries, including the developing countries and underdeveloped countries were encouraged in respect of the consequences of pollution as well as the ways in restricting the pollutants. Most of the countries of the world have initiated to put themselves under one roof to deal with the problem of various kinds of pollutions. The developed countries like United Kingdom, United States of America, Russia and others has developed their countries in this aspect as well, these countries have already taken measures in controlling pollutions of various kinds in nature and they get success at a very good rate which very much appreciable for the rest of the world, as it is made for the interest of the world at large. Application of technology is very useful in controlling pollution from all aspect. But above all if the general public of the concerned country is aware of the consequences regarding the pollution then that would be the most effective way of controlling pollution in a rapid speed with a good expectation of achievements. United Kingdom is very much free from pollution in comparison to the other countries, especially from the third world countries, this has been possible for the awareness of the people in this region as well as the proper execution of the laws enacted by the legislative body and adequate supervision on the part of the judicial system of the countries as to the factors relating to pollution (Bassett, 2007). Validation: The validation of the remedies above discussed is mostly depended upon the approach of the country as well as the approach of the government of the concerned country. Remedies discussed are not impossible, even they are very much effective if they are implemented in a proper way by the competent authorities. If the government makes appropriate statutory provisions for the concern issues, then it will not only remove those elements which are harmful to the society but it also promotes the society to a good and clean lifestyle. The government is the main authority in relation to preventing the factors relating to the pollution. The kinds of remediation, what we have discussed above is very much capable of execution by the competent authorities of the concerned country (Ebbesson and Okowa, 2009). If the government makes appropriate regulations in relation to the activities of the industrial sectors, then it will be very much helpful regarding the control of pollution. Restrictions as to the release of dangerous substances are quite risky for the human society as well as the other living creatures. Industrialization is required but not against the cost of the life of the living creatures. Above all, if the concerned government could make the feeling of awareness among the peoples then that will be the most beneficiary thing for getting success in controlling the pollution. Peoples of the society are the main and foremost weapon to deal with the pollution by implementing adequate laws as per the necessity. The awareness must be inaugurated among the peoples of the society. If all the countries respectively follow the rules and regulations established by various international conventions and treaties then it will be very much convenient for the peoples in general as well as for the government itself in relation to control the factors leading to the pollution. The concerned government has to make strict statutes and have to make adequate bodies for its proper execution. Government is very much responsible for the purpose of controlling the pollution factors. The concept of sustainable development must be adopted by all the states in general, especially the developed countries like UK and USA, these countries are quite developed in every field but they should concentrate on the preservation of resources for the future aspects as they can continue the endeavor of development in the future as well. Conclusion: After the above discussion, it can be said that pollution of the society and development is quite interrelated as to each other. For the purpose of development, resources are required which may cause a shortfall of resources in the coming future. But it does not signify that resources are not to be used for the present generation, rather it suggests that resources should be utilized in such a manner that the future generation would not get deprived. Pollution is a big menace to the society at large and it has to be controlled by the members of the society with their initiation through concern government plays a very important role in relation to control the level of pollution but if the public is not aware of the consequences of the pollution and they are not willing to take their responsibilities then it would be very much difficult for the government of the country to execute their legislations as to control the pollution. The government of the country should initiate those process es by which development to the higher level shall not make the environment pollution of any kind and the level of pollution can be granted by the world health organization which should not be crossed, which have to look after by the competent authorities of the nation as to their level best References: ALVERSON, K. (2007). Global Warming. Understanding the Forecast BY DAVID ARCHER vii + 194 pp., 24.5 17 1 cm, ISBN 978 1 4051 4039 3 paperback, GB 24.99, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006.Envir. Conserv., 34(02), p.173. Aras, G. and Crowther, D. (2009).The durable corporation. Farnham, UK: Gower. Atkinson, G., Dietz, S. and Neumayer, E. (2007).Handbook of sustainable development. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Bassett, W. (2007).Environmental Health Procedures 7th Edition. Hoboken: Taylor Francis. Bruckmeier, K. and Tovey, H. (2009).Rural sustainable development in the knowledge society. Farnham, UK: Ashgate. Colls, J. (2002).Air pollution. London: Spon Press. Ebbesson, J. and Okowa, P. (2009).Environmental law and justice in context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Global warming may quintuple summer downpours in the UK. (2014).New Scientist, 222(2972), p.16. Hester, R. and Harrison, R. (2008).Environmental forensics. Cambridge, UK: RSC Pub. Hill, M. (2004).Understanding environmental pollution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Houghton, J. (2004).Global warming. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University. Jiang, T. (2003).Economic instruments of pollution control in an imperfect world. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar Pub. Labohm, H., Rozendaal, S. and Thoenes, D. (2004).Man-made global warming. Brentwood, UK: Multi-Science Pub. Co. Lange, B. (2008).Implementing EU pollution control. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Merrington, G. (2002).Agricultural pollution. London: Spon Press. Pepper, I., Gerba, C. and Brusseau, M. (2006).Environmental pollution science. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Philander, S. (2008).Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change. Los Angeles: SAGE. Ross, A. (2012).Sustainable development law in the UK. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Earthscan. Shortle, J. and Abler, D. (2001).Environmental policies for agricultural pollution control. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub. Simpson, K. (2008).Extreme weather. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. Smith, N. and Leiserowitz, A. (2013). The Role of Emotion in Global Warming Policy Support and Opposition.Risk Analysis, 34(5), pp.937-948. Victor, D. (2011).Global Warming Gridlock. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Wright, D. and Welbourn, P. (2002).Environmental toxicology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Zhao, X. (2013).Developing an appropriate contaminated land regime in China. Berlin: Springer.

Zen Interior Design Essay Example

Zen Interior Design Essay Zen Interior Design is a way of designing a space through meditative concepts in an attempt of giving the space a feel of enlightenment. The definition of this design is ambiguous compared to the other discipline in Interior Design. According to Shaolin-Wahnam Institute (n.d., para 1) Zen basically means â€Å"meditation†. Meditation promotes flow of energy which is translated into space with Zen Interior Design. Over all design emulates a mind who is in an enlightened state, clearing it from the unnecessary load giving it harmony. The design strategy is to conform a space in such a way that it would be like a concrete picture of a mind will look like when it reaches a harmonious state. Origin Zen design was developed in China and spread into Japan in the twelfth century it gave its name to a style of Japanese architecture that was based in one of China’s dynasty called Song; the earliest recorded Zen design architecture was Jizodo Shokofuji (1404). Such influence came to existence because at that time the wide use of Zen Buddhism was rampant. If you would study the culture of Japan, Zen Buddhism is embedded everywhere. (Moffett, Fazio, and Wodehouse, 2003, chap 4) We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Interior Design specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Interior Design specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Interior Design specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Zen is also seen as similarly associated with the concept of Feng Shui which in English is literally â€Å"wind† and â€Å"water†. Feng Shui follows certain rules and principles that are sometimes thought of as practical solutions in order to keep the correct ch’i of the space. In Zen, the ultimate purpose of design is meditation that results in harmony and balance. Feng Shui aims to correct the living conditions in order to promote physical and psychological well-being to the dweller.   (Marie T., Feng Shui simplified, para 3) Design Techniques Zen in Interior designing has no standard rule. Design is being done in the context of harmony. Its application is limitless in terms of space; it can be done for a whole house. An isolated room or even a space in you work area. It can be applied through the choice of color palette, space management and space use. All of this can be done be keeping it to what is just essential and natural. That is why Zen is often affiliated with the minimalist design. Colors are kept natural and limited, trying to keep it as light and as close to nature as possible. Strong colors must be kept at bay and everything that can be seen should be relaxing to the eye. Spaces ought to be open and free, up to the point that the designer should induce the illusion of it. Strategically placing mirrors and windows that will help spread light is one of the known strategies to achieve this. Allowing the space to be simple and close to its use is another technique often applied in this type of design. (Applying Ze n to Interior Decorating, para 1) Modern Developments Zen design is currently widely used in the industry of Interior Design. It was again largely noticed in the recent years entering 21st century. In residential homes it is simply not utilized for its beauty and charm but it gives the dweller a personal space as their own sanctuary, from today’s common busy lifestyle. (Mcevoy, Interior Design Style, para 5). Not only that, today’s housing especially in most of the South East Asian are getting smaller. With this kind of design on these houses a lot of issues can be addressed. Dwellers will be comfortably situated in their houses even if space is limited. The business sector benefits from this as well. Their commercial and industrial facilities, adapt some of its design because its parameters contribute to a lot of things like efficiency of flow in a workspace and improvement of or working environment. To them it affects the worker’s psyche which entails operation cost reduction, which is has a great impact to businesses. References: Anonymous. (n.d.). Zen, Buddhism and Spiritual Cultivation Beyond Words, Thoughts and Intellect. http://www.shaolin-wahnam.org/zen.html Marie T. (2007). Feng Shui simplified. http://fengshuidiaries.tinamariestinnett.com/?page_id=113 Hering-Shepherd R. (n.d). Applying Zen to Interior Decorating http://www.dreamhomedecorating.com/zen-interior-design.html Moffett M, Fazio M., Wodehouse L. (2003) The architecture of India and South East Asia. In P. Kent. A World History of Architecture. Laurence King Publishing. Mcevoy D. (2008). Interior Design Zen Style. http://searchwarp.com/swa290594.htm

Essay Writing Topics For Interview In Google

Essay Writing Topics For Interview In GoogleIf you are taking your essay writing to a different level, it is important to focus on essay writing topics for interview in Google. The purpose of this article is to give you tips on how to ace your interview with Google. You will learn about how to improve your interview skills.There are many different techniques you can use to improve your performance at an interview. Some of the things you should keep in mind before you head out to that interview are not to lie or embellish yourself.The only way to avoid an awkward moment is to be as honest as possible. On the other hand, if you want to make up for it, then you have to exaggerate a little. These two methods of lying are actually not good for you. Your job interview is supposed to be for you to shine.It is important that you know how to project a full potential and not to show any negative side. Let's face it, the interviewer is most likely to put their foot down on a negative situation because they want to believe that you are honest and hard working. Thus, when you project a positive image, the interviewer likes it.Fake it till you make it, I mean don't do anything that could embarrass you to your own colleagues. There is nothing worse than being caught doing something bad in front of your fellow classmates. Just use fake self-deprecating humor to cover up your act.When preparing for an interview, you should always try to be familiar with the company you are about to interview with. This will help you a lot during the interview. If you are unsure of the background of the company or its operations, read up on it online.You should also be attentive to the questions asked by the interviewer. This will save you a lot of time and in the end, you will gain some points. Remember that every aspect of your interview should be perfect to earn you the bonus.As you can see, these tips are just some of the few you can apply in an interview to ensure a perfect manner. In the e nd, being an excellent interviewee is what it all boils down to.